Basic Knowledge That Beginners, Middle And Senior Workers In Sewage Treatment Plants Should Master

Fundamentally speaking, sewage treatment workers must master the basic knowledge of sewage treatment, including understanding the basic knowledge of sewage treatment, understanding the functions and management methods of various structures in the sewage treatment plant, understanding the distribution and usage methods of various pipelines in the sewage treatment plant, and understanding the meaning and application of analysis and testing indicators in sewage treatment systems; Be able to allocate water and mud reasonably, regulate air reasonably, correctly reflux and discharge sludge, and eliminate common faults during operation.

The "knowledge and skills" level of primary sewage treatment workers:

Knowledge requirements:

1. Basic knowledge of sewage flow rate and its unit conversion, sewage quality indicators such as CODcr, BOD5, and SS;
2. Sewage treatment process flow, names, uses, and interrelationships of various structures and accessories;
3. The source of sewage and the changes in water quality and quantity, as well as the requirements for effluent quality;
4. Safety operating procedures and job responsibility system for sewage treatment;
5. The name, performance, power, flow rate, head, revolution, and basic knowledge of electrical and mechanical equipment of the main sewage treatment equipment;
6. The direction, purpose, and interrelationships of the main process pipelines, the opening and closing requirements of various valves, and their impact on the process;
7. The principle of primary sewage treatment and basic knowledge of secondary biological treatment of sewage.

Skill requirements:

1. Fill in duty records correctly, timely, and clearly;
2. Collect representative water samples on time and at designated locations, and store them properly;
3. The operation, maintenance, and control steps of various equipment and valves related to the process;
4. Can identify whether the primary and secondary biological treatment structures are operating normally;
5. Basic knowledge of water distribution, gas distribution, reflux, and sludge discharge in the secondary biological treatment aeration tank secondary sedimentation tank system;
6. Basic operations for slag and mud discharge from various structures;
7. Master the basic operation of key equipment such as sand removal machine, mud scraper, spiral reflux pump, and mud discharge pump;
8. Can use general testing instruments for observation and testing.

The level of "each should know" for intermediate sewage treatment workers:

Knowledge requirements:

1. Basic knowledge of image recognition;
2. Basic knowledge of water self purification and sewage discharge standards;
3. Common methods and key points of sewage treatment;
4. The concept of operating parameters for sewage treatment;
5. The factors that affect the operation of biological treatment and their relationship with the operation effect;
6. Basic knowledge of sewage disinfection;
7. Performance and usage methods of commonly used sewage treatment electromechanical equipment;
8. The calculation method for basic data of sewage treatment (flow rate, total BOD5, total CODcr, electricity consumption, sedimentation time, aeration time, etc.);
9. The name and meaning of the routine analysis project for sewage treatment; 10 Microbial knowledge related to wastewater biological treatment.

Skill requirements:

1. Understand the design drawings of sewage treatment plant structures and some mechanical and electrical equipment assembly drawings;
2. Using detection and analysis data to adjust and operate wastewater treatment processes;
3. Solve the general phenomenon of sludge floating and abnormal activated sludge;
4. Correct judgment and elimination of operation, maintenance, upkeep, and general faults of electromechanical equipment in the process flow;
5. Operation management of disinfection equipment;
6. Microbial microscopy operation and general maintenance of the microscope;
7. Master the basic operational skills of junior electricians and fitters; ⑧ Statistics and calculations of various data for this position; ⑨ Be able to identify safety hazards in production and promptly and correctly handle them.

The standard for the "knowledge and skills" level of senior sewage treatment workers:

Knowledge requirements:

1. Theoretical knowledge of environmental protection and sewage treatment, as well as basic knowledge of hydraulics and water analytical chemistry;
2. Calculation method for sewage treatment operation data;
3. Basic knowledge of comprehensive utilization of sewage sludge and advanced treatment of sewage;
4. Knowledge of improving the integrity rate and service life of sewage treatment electromechanical equipment;
5. Understand the development trends and application knowledge of new technologies, processes, and equipment for sewage treatment;
6. Common knowledge related to computational applications.

Skill requirements:

1. Flexibly grasp the interrelationships between the four operational processes of the activated sludge system (water distribution, gas distribution, reflux, and sludge discharge), and be able to adjust them correctly to ensure that the system operates in an optimal state;
2. Be able to solve difficult problems that arise during the operation of sewage treatment and propose safety technical measures;
3. Capable of debugging and trial operation of new processes and equipment; ④ Master the basic skills of intermediate electricians and fitters;
4. Basic operations of the main sewage testing projects;
5. Can provide management experience and some data parameters for the technical renovation and expansion of sewage treatment plants, and participate in the review of design drawings to propose reasonable suggestions;
6. Conduct experiments and applications of new sewage treatment technologies, processes, and equipment under the guidance of professional technicians;
7. Capable of imparting skills and conducting reform technical assessments to junior and intermediate workers.

In an activated sludge wastewater treatment plant, an experienced operator or manager should have a clear understanding of the various manifestations of normal operation of wastewater treatment. By observing the sensory phenomena and indicators of various links in the wastewater treatment system during the inspection, it is possible to preliminarily determine whether the water quality of the incoming and outgoing water has changed, whether the operation of various structures is normal, and whether the treatment effect is stable, So as to quickly adjust some operating parameters and avoid delaying the adjustment due to the late release of water quality test results. The phenomena that should be observed during inspections include the following aspects:

1) Color and odor:

For a normally operating sewage treatment plant, the color and odor of the incoming sewage generally do not change much, and the changes are generally regular. The color and odor of the sewage or sludge entering and flowing out of various process structures according to the process are also fixed or regularly changing. If there is an abnormality, it indicates that an abnormal situation has been encountered, and appropriate adjustments or measures need to be taken in advance to prepare for a sudden change. For example, the normal color of activated sludge should be yellow brown, and the normal odor should be earthy or moldy. If the color turns black or a putrid odor is smelled, it indicates insufficient oxygen supply, and the sludge has decayed, requiring measures to increase oxygen supply.

(2) Bubbles and foam:

when the oxygen supply is sufficient and the sewage treatment effect is good, no matter which aeration method is used, a small number of evenly distributed bubbles and foam will appear in the aeration tank. If there is a large amount of white foam rolling in the aeration tank, the foam is sticky and not easy to be broken naturally, and it is piled up in the tank or even floated to the walkway on the tank top, which often indicates that there is too much grease or surfactant in the incoming water or abnormal changes have taken place in the activated sludge. Bubbles and foam are generally not seen on the surface of the secondary sedimentation tank, but sometimes because the sludge stays in the secondary sedimentation tank for a long time, anaerobic decomposition or denitrification occurs and gas is released, so that bubbles also appear on the surface of the secondary sedimentation tank, and sometimes bubbles will bring sludge particles to the surface of the secondary sedimentation tank to form scum.

(3) Water flow status:

The water flow on the aeration surface should roll steadily. If the local movement is slow, it often indicates that the diffuser is blocked here; If there is severe local flipping, it often indicates excessive aeration or detachment of the aeration head. If the water flow near the wall of the mechanical aeration tank is not turbulent and the splashing height and range near the impeller are very small, it indicates that the immersion depth of the impeller is not enough and should be adjusted. If there is mud or slag accumulation at the edges and corners of the sedimentation tank or sand settling tank, it is necessary to check whether the mud and slag discharge pipeline is unobstructed, and whether the quantity of mud and slag discharge is timely and appropriate. If the suspended solids in the effluent of the secondary sedimentation tank increase and the transparency decreases, check whether the discharge of excess sludge and the inflow quantity are normal, and if there are foam accumulation and water level changes in the outlet channel, check whether the inflow quality and quantity have changed.

(4) Temperature, flow rate, pressure, etc;

Wastewater treatment plants generally have a series of on-site display instruments, such as temperature, flow rate, pressure, etc. During inspections, it is important to observe and record them carefully and responsibly, and compare them with normal values. If abnormalities are found, various forms of response measures should be taken immediately.

(5) Sound and vibration:

The sensory indicators of sound and vibration for the normal operation of pumps, fans, surface aerators and other equipment in sewage treatment plants should be well understood. During inspections, simple methods such as listening, watching, and touching should be used to determine the operation status of the equipment.

(6) Secondary sedimentation tank:

observe the height of the mud surface in the secondary sedimentation tank, the transparency of the supernatant, suspended solids in the effluent, and floating solids on the water surface, and their changes